How were African-Americans treated in the North during the late nineteenth century?

How were African-Americans treated in the North during the late nineteenth century?

1. Public opinion sanctioned widespread de facto discrimination.
2. The influence of northern labor unions kept northern society racially integrated and equal.
3. Most Democratic politicians in northern cities used their political machines to make white supremacy the official policy.
4. The abolitionist legacy was still strong in the North and so most northerners continued to strive for an egalitarian society.

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